Author: Dr Muhammad Saad Saleem
The Number of Dajjal – 30 Communist States
According to Hadith, there will be approximately thirty Dajjals, which have been interpreted as symbols of communist states.1 This number roughly corresponds to the thirty former communist countries in the world. In this context, the Soviet Union is considered the central Dajjal. Some communist states existed briefly and were later absorbed into the former Soviet Union, while others had mixed systems, which is why the Hadith mentions “approximately.” All these states have either dissolved or changed their ideologies through reforms.2
Figure 2: This is a map of all the states in history that have been influenced by communism (countries shown in ‘red’ were official communist states with a one-party system; other colours represent countries where there was influence but a multi-party system remained). This map illustrates the global reach of communism.3
The Journey of Dajjal Around the World
In the Hadith, Dajjal’s journey around the world is likened to rain driven by the wind, symbolising his speed and global impact.4 Similarly, communism spread to every continent, but eventually, like the rain, it ceased and ended.
There will be no greater trial than the trial of Dajjal
In the Hadith, Dajjal’s trial is described as the greatest.5 At its peak, more than one-third of the world’s population was under communist governments.6 This was one of the most significant episodes of religious oppression and violation of freedoms in human history, affecting billions of people.
Muslims will seek refuge in the mountains to protect themselves from the trials of the Dajjal
The Hadith describes a time when Muslims retreat to remote places such as mountains and valleys to safeguard their faith during severe trials, including the emergence of the Dajjal.78 Historically, those who sought to preserve their religious beliefs by taking refuge included people from regions such as the mountains of Abakan.9
Recitation of Surah Al-Kahf for protection from the Dajjal
The Hadith strongly emphasises the recitation of Surah Al-Kahf, which strengthens believers’ faith, resolve, and insight during great trials such as the tribulation of the Dajjal.10 This guidance is similar to the event described about the “Companions of the Cave”—who, during a period of religious persecution and trial, migrated to remain steadfast in their faith and sought refuge with Allah.
Events related to the Dajjal
The following events are described in the Hadith in historical sequence:
Seventy thousand Jewish followers of the Dajjal from Isfahan – Socialist tendencies among the Jews of Vilna (early twentieth century)
According to the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), among the followers of the Dajjal will be seventy thousand Jews from Isfahan, who will be wearing cloaks (Tayalisah).11 During the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), Isfahan was a well-known centre of Jewish learning and religion, where the Jewish community was considered particularly influential in Talmudic knowledge, legal insight, and religious leadership. Although there was still a Jewish community in Isfahan at the beginning of the twentieth century, it no longer held the same intellectual and scholarly status for which it was renowned during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
A similar intellectual tradition can be observed in the early twentieth century in Vilna (Vilnius), which was called the “Jerusalem of the North.” The Jewish community there had become a centre of knowledge and culture through a strong system of schools, libraries, and intellectual gatherings. The Jews of seventh-century Isfahan and those of early twentieth-century Vilna, though from different eras and environments, shared a similar tradition—namely, participation in knowledge and wisdom, religious leadership, and intellectual activity. Both periods and locations had a distinctive style of expressing religious and cultural identity—through the wearing of cloaks in Isfahan, and through the tradition of Yiddish language and literature in Vilna. The “cloak” mentioned in the Hadith is a symbolic reference to such traditions, representing their cultural and religious affiliation.
The number “seventy thousand” mentioned in the Hadith refers to the Jewish population in Vilna at the beginning of the twentieth century, which was 63,000 in 1897 and increased to 76,000 in 1901. During this period, the Jewish community of Vilna was actively involved in socialist and Marxist revolutionary movements. Notably, the establishment of the “General Jewish Labour Party” in Vilna in 1897 and their participation in the failed Russian Revolution of 1905 are significant, where the Jews of Vilna clearly took part in revolutionary activities under a socialist agenda.12
Coming from the direction of the East and appearing between Syria and Iraq — the emergence of the Soviet Union as a new global power in opposition to the West (1922)
In the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), the region between Syria and Iraq was a disputed border area between the Byzantine and Sassanid empires, where no single power had permanent and uncontested dominance. The mention in Hadith of the Dajjal appearing in this area carries two important symbolic meanings: first, that the Dajjal will not be a continuation of any existing power, but will emerge as a new and independent force; second, that his appearance will be from the east of Medina.13
Historically, most of the Soviet Union was located to the east of Medina, and when it came into existence in 1922, it was seen worldwide as a new power rising from the east—not only geographically, but also ideologically. Communism was presented as a revolutionary system in contrast to the capitalist Western world, introducing a new dimension to religion, society, and politics. In this sense, the symbol of the Dajjal’s emergence from the east and the establishment of the Soviet Union share a profound symbolic similarity.
The Dajjal providing sustenance and people believing in him – The artificial prosperity and propaganda of the Soviet Union (1928–1932)
According to the Hadith, the Dajjal will call people, and they will believe in him. The Dajjal will command, the sky will send down rain, the earth will produce crops, and livestock will be full of milk.14
This scene symbolically reflects the deception of the Dajjal during the early years of the Soviet Union, especially during the first Five-Year Plan (1928–1932)15—people accepted this system with a conviction akin to religious faith, and the state seemingly produced miraculous results: booming factories, abundant harvests, and an artificial impression of prosperity. Initiatives like the “Stakhanovite movement”16 showed workers surpassing incredible targets, reinforcing the notion that communism could control nature and bring about unlimited progress, just as the Dajjal would impress people by bringing rain and wealth.
The people rejecting the Dajjal’s invitation, and the Dajjal subjecting them to famine and destitution – The Holodomor famine (1932–1933)
According to the Hadith, the Dajjal will go to those who reject his invitation, and they will suffer famine, hunger, and loss of wealth, until nothing of their possessions remains.17
This scene resembles the Ukrainian peasants who opposed communist collective agriculture. The state confiscated food, cut off supplies, and crushed resistance, resulting in the man-made famine known as the Holodomor (1932–1933). Despite the absence of a natural famine, policies left fields barren, livestock dead, and the population starving. Just as the Dajjal abandons those who reject him to destruction, so too did the state leave these people in utter ruin, resulting in the deaths of 3.5 to 5 million people.18
The Dajjal extracting treasures from a desolate land – The Soviet Union extracting minerals from remote regions (after 1933)
According to the Hadith, the Dajjal will pass through a desolate land and say, “Bring out your treasures,” and the treasures of the earth will come forth and gather around him like swarms of bees.19
This scene is reminiscent of the era when the Soviet Union, after consolidating its ideological grip, turned towards remote and desolate regions such as Siberia, Central Asia, and the Urals, initiating a vast process of extracting natural resources from there. Primarily during the second five-year plan (1933–1937), gold, coal, oil, and other minerals were obtained through forced labour and state-run industry, and these valuable resources were amassed at the centre as if, at a single command of the Dajjal, treasures emerged from the earth and gathered around him. This process was not limited to a single plan; in the subsequent years, these resources continued to be the core and axis of the Soviet economy.
The Dajjal’s Encampment Outside Medina – The Failures of Soviet Influence in the Muslim World (Second Half of the Twentieth Century)
The Hadith mentions that the Dajjal will camp near Medina but will not be able to enter it, as angels will protect it. Then, the angels will turn him towards Syria, and there he will perish.20
Here, “Medina” does not refer to just a single city, but represents the entire Muslim community, just as in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), Medina was the centre of the Muslim state. On the other hand, Syria was the territory of the Byzantine Christians, considered a symbol of the Christian world at that time. This Hadith has been interpreted symbolically as the Soviet Union, after failing to establish its foothold in the Muslim world, turned toward the Christian West before ultimately collapsing.
After the Second World War, the Soviet Union emerged as a global power. It expanded its influence worldwide, including efforts to incorporate Muslims into the Soviet bloc and promote communism. However, the Soviet government’s atheistic ideology was in sharp conflict with the conservative and deeply religious environment of the Muslim world. This ideological difference limited the acceptance and influence of communism among Muslims, and thus, the Dajjal could not enter Medina.
The Three Shocks in Medina – The Global Political and Intellectual Crises Facing the Muslim Ummah
According to the Hadith, Medina will tremble three times, after which every hypocrite and disbeliever will leave Medina and join the Dajjal. This is most likely interpreted as the following three historical events described below:21
· The Establishment of Israel in 1948 and the Nakba – After the establishment of Israel in 1948, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians were displaced, an event known as the Nakba (meaning catastrophe). Hundreds of villages were destroyed, and Palestinians became refugees. The Muslim world regarded this as a great injustice perpetrated with the backing of Western powers. This tragedy shook Arab societies and led many young people and intellectuals to turn towards communist movements as a means of resistance.
· The Suez Crisis of 1956 – When Britain, France, and Israel attacked the Suez Canal in 1956, Egypt sought diplomatic and political assistance from the Soviet Union against this aggression. This was the first significant occasion when an Arab state openly relied on Soviet power. This event promoted leftist ideologies in the Middle East, resulting in the rise to power of nationalist and socialist groups such as the Ba’ath Party in Iraq and Syria, while a formal communist state was established in South Yemen.
· The Six-Day War of 1967 – Israel’s victory in the Six-Day War of 1967 dealt a severe blow to Arab nationalism, resulting in a new wave of leftist ideologies. As a result, Marxist factions emerged within Palestinian resistance movements, most notably the PFLP (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), which openly adopted a Soviet-backed revolutionary path.
Banu Tamim’s Resistance Against the Dajjal – Āl al-Shaykh and Communism
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) foretold the steadfastness of the Banu Tamim tribe against the Dajjal.22 This tribe, which has historically inhabited Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and the Gulf states, later emerged as a symbol of intellectual and social resistance against communism. Banu Tamim promoted Islamic traditions, beliefs, and tribal values, thereby rejecting the materialistic and atheistic ideologies of communism. The significance of this prophecy is further heightened by the fact that the Āl al-Shaykh—descendants of Shaykh Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab—also belong to this tribe.23 In Saudi Arabia, under the intellectual influence of the Āl al-Shaykh, communism was regarded not only as atheistic but as an explicit adversary of Islam. For this reason, any form of alliance with the Soviet Union was considered contrary to faith and unacceptable.
The Dajjal’s killing and reviving of a Muslim, and his inability to kill him again – The Soviet Union and Afghanistan (1977–1992)
It is stated in the Hadith that a Muslim who will leave Medina will be brought before the Dajjal, who will kill him and then bring him back to life, but the Dajjal will not be able to kill him again.24 Another Hadith elaborates on this incident, stating that the Dajjal will appear and a believer will confront him. The Dajjal’s soldiers will stop the believer and question his intentions. When he refuses to accept the Dajjal as his Lord, they will say, “Kill him.” However, some among them will say, “Did your master (the Dajjal) not forbid killing anyone without his permission?” Then they will take him to the Dajjal. Recognising him, the believer will exclaim, “This is the Dajjal!” The Dajjal will order his execution, and he will be sawn in half. Then the Dajjal will bring him back to life. However, the believer will again reject the Dajjal and expose his deception. When the Dajjal is unable to kill him a second time, he will throw him aside, making it appear as if he is being cast into Hell, but in reality, he will enter Paradise. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said that he will be the greatest martyr in the sight of Allah.25
Here, “Medina” is not merely a city, but represents the entire Muslim Ummah, just as Medina was the centre of the Muslim state during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). The “believer” symbolises Afghanistan, while the “Dajjal” represents the Soviet Union, and the Dajjal’s soldiers symbolise the communist factions (Parcham and Khalq) present in Afghanistan. The “killing and reviving” refers to the communist revolutions, which dismantled old governmental and social structures to establish new systems. “Reviving” points to the reorganisation of society under a new communist order, often achieved at significant human cost. This Hadith can be understood as a symbolic interpretation of the rise of communist factions in Afghanistan, Soviet intervention, and the resistance against it:
· The believer’s refusal to accept the Dajjal as Lord – The expulsion of communist factions in 1977: In the 1970s, the Afghan government included the communist “Parcham” faction. However, in 1977, President Mohammad Daoud Khan discovered the communists’ plans for rebellion and expelled them from the government. This event corresponds to the Hadith’s account of the Dajjal’s guards questioning the believer and the believer’s refusal to accept the Dajjal as his Lord.
· The Dajjal’s soldiers attempting to kill the believer – The Khalq coup and oppression in 1978: In 1978, through the Saur Revolution, the Khalq faction seized power by force, resulting in the assassination of President Daoud Khan. This event symbolises the Dajjal’s soldiers’ attempt to kill the believer as described in the Hadith. This was also surprising for the Soviet Union, as it sought to avoid instability caused by unexpected coups. The Soviet Union’s policy aligns with the Hadith’s statement: “Did your master (the Dajjal) not forbid killing anyone without his permission?”
· The Dajjal killing and reviving the believer – Soviet intervention and the purge of Khalq in 1979: In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, killed the Khalq leader Hafizullah Amin, and installed the Parcham faction in power. This change was made possible through Operation Storm-333, in which Soviet forces killed the Khalq leadership, crushed resistance, and carried out mass killings. This parallels the Hadith’s account of the believer being tortured, killed, and revived, as the Khalq faction was violently removed and the Parcham faction imposed. Although the Khalq faction had previously supported communist ideology, the Soviet Union’s actions alienated many of its leaders, resulting in heavy losses for them.
· The Dajjal’s inability to kill the believer again – The resistance of the Mujahidin and Soviet failure: The Soviet Union tried to strengthen its grip on Afghanistan, but the resistance of the Mujahidin continued to grow. In the Hadith, the believer’s neck turning to copper, making it impossible to kill him again, alludes to the intensity and ultimate failure of Soviet military operations. The withdrawal of Soviet troops in 1989 corresponds to the Dajjal casting the believer far away in the Hadith.
· The martyrdom of the believer – Intense civil war after the fall of the communist government in 1992: The collapse of the communist government in 1992 and the ensuing intense civil war correspond to the martyrdom of the believer in the Hadith. In this way, the believer’s entry into Paradise reflects the sincerity of those Mujahidin who regarded their struggle against the Soviet Union as a jihad against atheism and oppression.
Questions about the Interpretation
The Meeting of Hadrat Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) with the Dajjal
According to a Hadith, Hadrat Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated an incident to the Noble Prophet.26 He explained that he set out on a sea voyage with some people and, due to a storm, they reached an island. There, they encountered a strange and unusual creature called “al-Jassasah,” who took them to a cave to meet a man. That man was bound in chains and asked them several questions, then revealed to them he was “al-Masih ad-Dajjal” and that the time of his emergence was near. When Hadrat Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated this incident to the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him), the Prophet affirmed its truth before the people and said, “This incident is in accordance with what I have been telling you about the Dajjal.”
This Hadith of Hadrat Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) appears to be a vision, not a physical, real-life encounter with the Dajjal. There are three fundamental reasons for this:
There is no separate narration or testimony from the other individuals who travelled with Hadrat Tamim al-Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding this extraordinary incident, which supports the view that this event was a vision.
According to another Hadith, the Noble Prophet said: “All the people present in my era will pass away within a hundred years.” If the Dajjal had physically existed at that time, he would have been included among them as well.27
Just as the Noble Prophet himself saw the Dajjal in a vision, similarly, the incident of Tamim Hadrat Dari (may Allah be pleased with him) was also a vision.28
Ibn Sayyad, being the Dajjal
Some Hadiths indicate that Ibn Sayyad, a boy living on the outskirts of Medina, could be the Dajjal.29 However, the Noble Prophet said in a clear Hadith: “If the Dajjal appears during my lifetime, I will confront him on your behalf.”30 This makes it clear that since Ibn Sayyad existed during the Prophet’s time, he could not be the Dajjal.
Furthermore, the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him) said that the Dajjal could not enter Mecca and Medina.31 In contrast, historical reports indicate that Ibn Sayyad travelled from Medina to Mecca, further proving that he was not the Dajjal.32
The Noble Prophet and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) considered the Dajjal to be a human being
The Hadith literature makes it clear that the Noble Prophet and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) regarded the Dajjal as a human being. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) saw the Dajjal in a vision,33 and since the visions of the Prophets are a form of revelation, they describe exactly what they see in their dreams, without adding any personal interpretation or conjecture.
The interpretation of the dreams of the Prophets is either directly granted by Allah Almighty to His Prophet, or the reality of the dream becomes clear over time. A clear example of this is the dream seen by Prophet Yusuf (Joseph), peace be upon him, in his childhood—in which the sun, the moon, and eleven stars were prostrating to him. Years later, when his family appeared before him in Egypt, Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) said: “O my father! This is the interpretation of my dream I saw before; my Lord has made it come true.”34
In accordance with this principle, when the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) saw the Dajjal as a human in a vision,35 he described it exactly as he saw it. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) also understood it to be a human, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not present any interpretation of the vision. This indicates that a complete understanding and interpretation of the narrations concerning the Dajjal will only be possible at the time of their occurrence. Before that, their true nature could only be a matter of conjecture or scholarly reasoning.
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2. China (People’s Republic of China) – 1949 to 1978-1980s (economic reforms under Deng Xiaoping).
Cuba – 1959 to 2002 (ideological emphasis on Martí (José Martí) and Castroism).
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of Vietnam) – 1976 to 1986 (Đổi Mới reforms).
Laos (Lao People’s Democratic Republic) – 1975 to 1986 (New Economic Mechanism reforms).
North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) – 1948 to 1992 (replaced by the Juche ideology).
Soviet Union (USSR) – 1922 to 1991 (Perestroika and collapse).
East Germany (German Democratic Republic) – 1949 to 1990 (reunification with West Germany).
Poland (People’s Republic of Poland) – 1947 to 1989 (transition to democracy).
Czechoslovakia (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic) – 1948 to 1989 (Velvet Revolution).
Hungary (Hungarian People’s Republic) – 1949 to 1989 (transition to democracy).
Romania (Socialist Republic of Romania) – 1947 to 1989 (fall of Ceaușescu).
Bulgaria (People’s Republic of Bulgaria) – 1946 to 1990 (transition to democracy).
Albania (People’s Socialist Republic of Albania) – 1946 to 1992 (transition to democracy).
Yugoslavia (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) – 1943 to 1992 (breakup into independent states).
Mongolia (Mongolian People’s Republic) – 1924 to 1990 (democratic reforms).
South Yemen (People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen) – 1967 to 1990 (unification with North Yemen).
Afghanistan (Democratic Republic of Afghanistan) – 1978 to 1992 (fall of the Communist regime).
Angola (People’s Republic of Angola) – 1975 to 1991 (multi-party system and economic reforms).
Mozambique (People’s Republic of Mozambique) – 1975 to 1990 (multi-party democracy).
Benin (People’s Republic of Benin) – 1975 to 1990 (democratic reforms).
Congo-Brazzaville (People’s Republic of the Congo) – 1969 to 1991 (transition to democracy).
Ethiopia (Derg regime, later People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia) – 1974 to 1991 (fall of the Derg regime).
Cambodia (Democratic Kampuchea under the Khmer Rouge) – 1975 to 1979 (collapsed after the Vietnamese invasion and establishment of the People’s Republic of Kampuchea).
Kampuchea (People’s Republic of Kampuchea) – 1979 to 1993 (ended with UN-brokered peace accords and transition to a constitutional monarchy under a coalition government).
Tannu Tuva (Tuvan People’s Republic) – 1921 to 1944 (annexed by the Soviet Union, losing its independence).
Outer Mongolia (Mongolian People’s Republic Pre-1924) – 1921 to 1924 (precursor to the Mongolian People’s Republic; officially established in 1924).
Somalia (Somali Democratic Republic): 1969-1991 (it collapsed after becoming a failed state).
Nicaragua (under the Sandinista government) – 1979 to 1990 (lost power after losing the 1990 elections to a U.S.-backed opposition coalition).
Grenada (under Maurice Bishop’s New Jewel Movement) – 1979 to 1983 (ended after U.S. military intervention following internal conflicts within the ruling party).
Chile (Popular Unity under Salvador Allende) – 1970 to 1973 (overthrown in a U.S.-backed military coup led by Augusto Pinochet).
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